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Bartleby
巴托比專欄
The Fashion for Passion
熱愛工作的風尚
The pitfalls of loving your job a little too much
過于熱愛工作的陷阱
Back in the dim and distant past, job candidates had interests or hobbies.
在遙遠的過去，求職人有自己的興趣或愛好。
Those interests could be introspective: reading a book was a perfectly acceptable way of spending your spare time.
這些興趣可以是內省的：閱讀是一種完全可以接受的消遣方式。
No longer.
如今可不行了。
Today you will probably be asked if you have a “personal passion project”, and the more exhausting your answer sounds, the better.
現在，你可能會被問到是否有“個人愛好項目”，你的回答聽起來越累人越好。
Go white-water rafting, preferably with orphans.
玩漂流，最好是和孤兒一起。
Help build motorway crossings for endangered animals.
幫瀕危動物在高速公路修建安全通道。
If you must read, at least do so in the original.
如果非要閱讀，至少該讀原版書。
Passion is becoming a staple for workplace success.
熱愛正在成為職場成功的主要因素。
A new piece of research from Jon Jachimowicz and Hannah Weisman of Harvard Business School includes an analysis of 200m job postings in America.
哈佛商學院的喬恩·杰希奧維茨和漢娜·魏斯曼的一項新研究對美國2億條招聘信息進行了分析。
It finds that the number which explicitly mention “passion” rose over time, from 2% in 2007 to 16% in 2019.
研究發現，明確提到“熱愛”的招聘信息數量隨著時間的推移而增加，從2007年的2%上升到2019年的16%。
Career websites offer helpful advice on how to come across as passionate about deeply ordinary pursuits.
求職網站提供了一些有用的建議，教你如何給人留下非常熱愛普通工作的印象。
Here is a suggestion from one site on how to talk to prospective employers about putting things into an oven.
以下是一家網站的建議，關于如何與潛在雇主談論怎樣將食物放進烤箱。
“I love the process of researching new recipes and testing them out.
"我喜歡研究新食譜并去嘗試的過程。
I’ve been writing up my experiences with baking for the past three years…I’m very detail-oriented, and love the scientific aspects of baking.
過去三年里我一直都有記錄烘焙經驗…我非常注重細節，喜歡研究烘焙的科學原理。
However, I’m also a very social person, and use my baking as a chance to get together with friends and family.”
但我也是一個非常喜歡社交的人，利用烘焙這個契機常和朋友家人相聚。"
Do not say: “I just really like cake.”
不要說：“我就是真的很喜歡蛋糕。”
Once inside an organisation, passion for the job also seems to be a good way to get ahead.
進入一個組織后，熱愛工作似乎也是脫穎而出的好方法。
Another paper by Mr Jachimowicz, along with Ke Wang of Harvard Kennedy School and Erica Bailey of Columbia Business School, found that employees who were regarded as more passionate than their peers got more positive feedback as well as more promotion and training opportunities.
杰希奧維茨與哈佛大學肯尼迪學院的王可(音譯)、哥倫比亞商學院的艾麗卡·貝利共同撰寫的另一篇論文發現，被認為比同儕更有激情的員工會得到更多的積極反饋，以及更多的晉升和培訓機會。
Other research has found that workers who cry at work are more highly regarded if they attribute these displays of emotions to caring too much.
其他研究發現，在工作中哭泣的員工會得到更高的評價——如果這些情緒的表現是因為太過在乎工作。
On the surface the fashion for passion makes sense.
從表面上看，流行講熱愛是有道理的。
Better, surely, for an employee to be enthused than not.
員工熱情一點總比不熱情要好。
Most workers want to do a job they love; most companies want a workforce that is committed and motivated.
大多數員工想做喜歡的工作，大多數公司想要盡心盡力、積極進取的員工。
The case for unbridled energy is particularly strong for certain types of companies.
對于某些類型的公司來說，想要精力無限的員工是格外合理的。
There is a reason why startups do not embrace the cult of the occasionally interested founder.
初創公司不接受偶爾有興趣的創始人不是沒有原因。
But passion can also warp judgment.
但熱愛也會扭曲判斷。
For firms, the obvious pitfall is rewarding commitment over competence.
對于公司來說，明顯的陷阱是獎勵投入而不是能力。
Just as that note-taking, detail-orientated baker could be churning out the world’s most disgusting profiteroles, the super-keen employee who volunteers for everything may not be that great at their job.
就像那個做筆記、注重細節的面包師可能會做出世界上最惡心的奶心巧克力酥球一樣，一個超級熱心的員工什么都愿意做，但可能工作能力并不出色。
The paper by Mr Jachimowicz, Mr Wang and Ms Bailey finds that passion may indeed be blinding managers to reality:
杰希奧維茨、王和貝利的這篇論文發現，激情可能確實讓經理們看不清現實：
it finds that even when the performance of passionate employees is on the downward slope, they are still more likely to be given promotions than taciturn peers.
論文發現，即使充滿激情的員工業績下降，他們仍比沉默寡言的同事更有可能得到提拔。
Dangers also lurk for employees.
對于員工來說也潛伏著危險。
Even if commitment is heartfelt, passion comes in different varieties, some better than others.
即使發自內心地想投入工作，熱愛也有不同的表現形式，其中一些優于另一些。
Psychologists distinguish between harmonious passion, in which people engage in an activity because they genuinely enjoy it, and obsessive passion, a more compulsive behaviour in which people feel like they are not really in control of themselves.
心理學家區分了和諧性熱愛和強迫性熱愛，前者是指人們因為真正喜歡某項活動而參與其中，后者是一種更具強迫性的行為，人們感覺自己并不能真正控制自己。
One obvious pitfall stands out.
還有一個明顯的陷阱很凸出。
There are only so many ways to communicate passion.
就是表達熱愛的方式只有這么多。
Widening your eyes and nodding wildly: too weird.
睜大眼睛，瘋狂點頭：太奇怪了。
Jumping, whooping and sweating: even weirder.
蹦蹦跳跳、歡呼尖叫、直冒熱汗：更奇怪了。
Working ever longer hours, on the other hand, is a fairly simple way to show that your commitment is beyond question.
另一方面，延長工作時間是一種表明你毋庸置疑地投入工作的極簡單方式。
Some evidence suggests that employers feel justified in exploiting that fact.
一些證據表明，雇主會理直氣壯地利用這一事實。
A survey by academics at Duke University, the University of Oregon and Oklahoma State University found that people thought it was more legitimate to ask passionate workers than disengaged ones to work for no money and to miss time they were meant to be spending with their families.
杜克大學、俄勒岡大學和俄克拉荷馬州立大學的學者的一項調查發現，人們認為讓熱愛工作的員工無償工作、犧牲他們本應與家人共度的時光，比讓對工作不上心的員工這樣做更合理。
They are also more comfortable with the idea of asking passionate employees to do totally unrelated tasks.
他們讓熱愛工作的員工去做并非分內的任務也更不會覺得不好意思。
People apparently believe that if you love your job, you will enjoy cleaning the office toilets more than people who are less enthused by it.
人們顯然認為，如果你熱愛自己的工作，你就會比那些不熱愛工作的人更喜歡打掃辦公室廁所。
It is great to feel passion for your job.
對工作充滿熱愛是很棒的。
But if you are up at 4 am for a meeting with Asia, constantly working on your holiday or have just been handed a bottle of bleach and a mop by your boss, you are in the grip of something that is not entirely healthy.
但如果你凌晨4點起床參加亞洲那邊的會議，在假期里不停加班，或者老板遞給你一瓶漂白劑和一個拖把，那么你就被某種不完全健康的東西控制住了。
